ABSTRACT
Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the importance of serum, pleural adenosine deaminase (ADA), and Gene Xpert in Diagnosis of TB and TB Pleural Effusion (TB-PLE.).Material & Methods:The study was done with 75 TB cases, 50 cases of them were diagnosed as Pulmonary TB and 25 cases as TB pleural effusion, collecting also 50 non-TB pleural effusion, Malignant and acute bacterial infection comprise 21 and 29 cases respectively. Cases with transudative pleural effusion were excluded from the study. Finally, 75 were healthy control group.Results:There was a highly significant difference between the mean age of TB-PE Patients and Patients non-TB-PLE (P-value <0.001), while there was a non-significant difference with patients with P-TB (P-value >0.05). Mean of Serum ADA level were highest 53.16 U/L in TB-PE cases, shown to be statistically significant when compared to 43.2 U/L in P-TB and 25.4 U/L in non TBpleural effusion. With p-value of 0.02 and 0.001respectively.Conclusions:We concluded that GeneXpert can be a useful diagnostic method in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum and pleural fluid ADA level is a very helpful test to rule out a TB and can help differentiate tubercular etiology from non-tubercular.
ABSTRACT
The association of low vitamin D status with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD), which includes Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT), is controversial. (HT) is a chronic autoimmune thyroid disease caused by an interaction between genetic factors and environmental conditions, both of which are yet to be fully understood. The management of HT depends on its clinical manifestations, commonly including diffuse or nodular goiter with euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and permanent hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to investigate mainly the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and HT. Methods: This study was carried out in tertiary hospitals, included patients who visited the hospital for thyroid evaluation or follow-up. Results: A total of 310 subjects were included, of whom 84 participants were healthy, and 226 patients with hypothyroid disease, 119 subjects were diagnosed as having HT (AITD), 107 Non-AITD. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in HT group than in non AITD (48.9 % vs. 37.4 %, p=0.013). Among HT cases, patients with overt hypothyroidism had a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency than HT with euthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism (60.4% vs. 44.1%, 29.7%, respectively, p 0.009, 0.017, 0.026). Conclusion: Considering current evidence, presented in this study, screening for vitamin D deficiency and careful vitamin D supplementation, when required, may be recommended for patients with HT.